National Science Day celebrated in Gangtok

Vitthalrao B. Khyade

Science Association, Shardabai Pawar Mahila Mahavidyalaya Shardanagar, Malegaon ( Baramati) Dist. Pune – 413115.

“Dr. APIS” SCIENCE LEAFLET

Objective: To Establish the Repository of Contributions of Eminent Scholars and Information on Science and Culture For The Society.
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28 February : Indian National Science Day
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The Indian National Science Day is celebrated in India on 28 February each year to mark the discovery of the Raman effect by Indian physicist Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman on 28 February 1928.[1]
For his discovery, Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.
History of National Science Day
In 1986, the National Council for Science and Technology Communication (NCSTC) asked the Government of India to designate 28 February as National Science Day. The event is now celebrated all over the country in schools, colleges, universities and other academic, scientific, technical, medical and research institutions. On the occasion of the first National Science Day on 30 May 2000, the NCSTC announced institution of the National Science Popularization awards for recognizing outstanding efforts in the area of science communication and popularization. Sir C. V. Raman worked at Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, West Bengal, India during 1907 to 1933 on various topics of Physics making discovery of the celebrated effect on scattering of light in 1928, which bears his name and that brought many accolades including the Nobel Prize in 1930. The American Chemical Society designated the ‘Raman Effect’ as an International Historic Chemical Landmark in 2013.
Celebration
National science day is celebrated as one of the main science festivals in India every year during which students of the schools and colleges demonstrates various science projects as well as national and state science institutions demonstrates their latest researches. The celebration also includes public speech, radio-TV talk shows, exhibitions of science movie, science exhibition based on themes and concepts, watching night sky, live projects and researches demonstration, debates, quiz competitions, lectures, science models exhibitions and many more activities. It is celebrated every year with immense passion at the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (also called GMRT) at Khodad which is a worldwide famous telescope getting operated at low radio frequencies by the NCRA (National Centre for Radio Astrophysics) established by the TIFR (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research). Variety of activities is organized by the NCRA and GMRT at the ceremony of national science day celebration in order to recognize their leading research activities in the field of radio astronomy and astrophysics. Variety of programmes is also held for the common public and student community to popularize the science and technology in the country. The minister of science and technology give a message through his speech at this day to the students, scientists, researchers and general public of the nation. Objectives of Celebrating National Science Day
National Science Day is being celebrated every year to widely spread a message about the significance of scientific applications in the daily life of the people. To display all the activities, efforts and achievements in the field of science for human welfare. To discuss all the issues and implement new technologies for the development of the science. To give an opportunity to the scientific minded citizens in the country. To encourage the people as well as popularize the Science and Technology.
2009
Themes of National Science Day
The theme of the year 1999 was “Our Changing Earth”. The theme of the year 2000 was “Recreating Interest in Basic Science”. The theme of the year 2001 was “Information Technology for Science Education”. The theme of the year 2002 was “Wealth from Waste”. The theme of the year 2003 was “50 years of DNA & 25 years of IVF – The blue print of Life”. The theme of the year 2004 was “Encouraging Scientific Awareness in Community”. The theme of the year 2005 was “Celebrating Physics”. The theme of the year 2006 was “Nurture Nature for our future”. The theme of the year 2007 was “More Crop Per Drop”. The theme of the year 2008 was “Understanding the Planet Earth”. The theme of the year 2009 was “Expanding Horizons of Science”. The theme of the year 2010 was “Gender Equity, Science & Technology for Sustainable Development”. The theme of the year 2011 was “Chemistry in Daily Life”. The theme of the year 2012 was “Clean Energy Options and Nuclear Safety”. The theme of the year 2013 was “Genetically Modified Crops and Food Security”. The theme of the year 2014 would be “Fostering Scientific Temper”.
On 28 February 2009, five institutions in the country were presented National Award for Science Communication by the Indian Department of Science and Technology. These awards are presented to recognize the efforts of individuals and government and non-government bodies for the popularization of science in the country.
The highest award in 2009 was given to the Vikram Sarabhai Community Science Centre for its contribution to science-related learning material and conducting training programs on science education.[2]
A Festival of Measurement and Space Fair was held at the Nehru Planetarium, New Delhi.[3]
Dr. Pramod Kumar Mohapatra, G.S. Unnikrishnan Nair and Ms. Meenu Khare were awarded one lakh (1,00,000) for their individual contributions to the field.[2] Jidnyasa Trust of Thane also received one lakh rupees ( 1,00,000) for setting up a science activity center. It is to make people aware about the science and technology.
2010
The theme of the year 2010 was “Gender Equity, Science & Technology for Sustainable Development”.
2011
The theme of the year 2011 was “Chemistry in Daily Life”.
2012
The focal theme for 2012 National Science Day was “Clean Energy Options and Nuclear Safety” [4] As the nation observed National Science Day on 28 February, the citizens saw a slew of activities at Science City which had planned a five-day Science Carnival on theme of youth and science.
“The Science Carnival is going to be an event with a series of scientific activities and programs involving school and college students, eminent scientists and faculties of the state and country. We want to provide a real platform for the budding scientists to make their career and profession in science,” said a senior Science City official. Officials said that they are expecting nearly one lakh (1,00,000) students and science enthusiasts to visit Science City during this period.
2013
The theme of the year 2013 was “Genetically Modified Crops and Food Security”.
References:
1. “National Science Day today”. All India Radio. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
2. b “National Science Day Award to CSC Ahmedabad”. Gujrat Global. Retrieved 28 February 2009.
3. “Host of events in capital on National Science Day today”. Chennai, India: The Hindu. 28 February 2009. Retrieved 28 February

File: Compiled for: Science Association, Shardabai Pawar Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Shardanagar (Baramati) – 413115 India.

With the Best Compliments From:

Please do excuse for the mistakes in the draft. All the mistakes in the collection of information from website, it’s compilation and communication ( through email ) belongs exclusively to : Vitthalrao B. Khyade (And not to his pace making Shardanagar).

Vitthalrao B. Khyade

Research Group, Agricultural Development Trust and Science Association, Shardabai Pawar Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Shardanagar, Malegaon(Baramati) Dist. Pune – 413115.

“Dr. APIS” SCIENCE LEAFLET

Objective: To Establish the Repository of contribution of Eminent Scholars and the information on Science and Culture For Society. ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————-
26 January: Death Anniversary of Edward Jenner
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(Birth: 17 May, 1749) (Death: 26 January, 1823)
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एडवर्ड जेन्नर
काही शास्त्रज्ञ त्यांचे संशोधन व निष्कर्ष याबद्दल इतके ठाम असतात, की त्याचे प्रयोग स्वत:वरही करण्याची त्यांची तयारी असते. डॉ. जेन्नर यांनी त्या पुढची पायरी गाठत देवीसारख्या त्या काळी असाध्य मानल्या जाणार्‍या आजाराची लस आपल्या ११ महिन्यांच्या मुलाला टोचली. ज्ञानाच्या इतिहासामध्ये अनेक संशोधकांनी आपले संशोधन पूर्णत्वास नेण्यासाठी धाडसी प्रयोग केलेले आहेत. हे प्रयोग मुख्यत: उपकरणाच्या उपयोगाच्या बाबतीत होते. जेन्नर यांनी केलेले प्रयोग मात्र तरुण आणि लहान मुलांच्या संबंधातील होते. विशेष म्हणजे, त्यांना आपल्या संशोधनाविषयी आणि आपण केलेल्या अनुमानाविषयी एवढी खात्री होती, की त्यांनी त्यांच्या संशोधनाचा प्रयोग स्वत:च्या ११ महिन्यांच्या मुलावर केला. अठराव्या शतकात जगातील अनेक देशांमध्ये ‘देवी’ हा रोग अतिशय दुर्धर असा मानला जाई. देवीची लागण झाल्यामुळे शरीरावर अनेक विपरित परिणाम होत आणि काही लोकांना अंधत्व येत असे. त्याचप्रमाणे अनेक मुले या रोगाला बळी पडत. एखाद्या समस्येने अनेक जण ग्रस्त असतात. मात्र, ती समस्या सोडविण्याचा प्रयत्न करणार्‍या व्यक्तींची संख्या अगदीच कमी असते. जेन्नर हे तरुणपणी जॉन हंटर या शल्यविशारदाबरोबर त्यांचे साहाय्यक म्हणून काम करीत होते. जॉन हंटर यांनी त्यांना एक कानमंत्र दिला होता. तो म्हणजे ‘विचार करू नका, प्रयत्न करा.’ जेन्नर यांनी छातीमध्ये होणार्‍या वेदनांचे मूळ शोधण्याचा प्रयत्न केला. अठराव्या शतकात युरोपमध्ये आपल्याकडील झोपडपट्टींशी साम्य दाखवणारी वसाहत होती. त्यामुळे तेथेही डास, पिसवा यांसारख्या कीटकांचा प्रादुर्भाव होता. त्यामुळे पिसवांपासून होणार्‍या रोगावरही त्यांनी संशोधन केले.
हे संशोधन करीत असताना ‘देवी’ या रोगामुळे होणार्‍या ‘अपरिमित नुकसानी’कडे त्यांचे लक्ष गेले. त्या काळी देवी हा रोग असाध्य मानला जाई. त्यांचा होणारा प्रादुर्भाव इतका प्रचंड होता, की जवळ जवळ ६0 टक्के लोकांना त्याची लागण होत असे. या लागण झालेल्या लोकांपैकी २0 टक्के लोक, तर मृत्युमुखी पडत. त्याचप्रमाणे चेहरा विद्रूप होणे, दृष्टीवर परिणाम होणे यांसारख्या गोष्टी घडून येत.
देवी या रोगावर उपाय शोधण्याचा विचार करत असताना, त्यांच्या नजरेस एक गोष्ट पडली. गाईची धार काढणार्‍या स्त्रियांना या रोगाची लागण झाली, तरी त्यांच्यावर या रोगाचा होणारा परिणाम अतिशय कमी असे. या निरीक्षणावर विचार करताना त्यांच्या डोक्यामध्ये अशी कल्पना आली, की गाईंना होणारा देवीचा प्रादुर्भाव आणि त्यांच्या संपर्कातील स्त्रियांना होत नसलेला प्रादुर्भाव यामध्ये काहीतरी रहस्य दडलेले असावे. गाईच्या संपर्कात आल्यामुळे स्त्रियांना या रोगापासून बचाव करण्याची क्षमता प्राप्त होत असावी हे अनुमान तपासण्यासाठी त्यांनी एक धाडसी प्रयोग केला. गाईला झालेल्या देवीच्या व्रणातील स्राव त्यांनी एका १८ वर्षांच्या तरुणाच्या शरीरात टोचला. त्याचाच परिणाम असा झाला, की, त्या तरुणाला देवीची लागण झाली नाही. असाच प्रयोग त्यांनी इतर २३ व्यक्तींवर केला. त्यामध्येही त्यांना समाधानकारक यश मिळाले. असे होऊनही संशोधकांनी मात्र त्यांचा शोध मान्य केला नाही. शेवटच्या प्रयोगात त्यांनी या चाचणीमध्ये आपल्या ११ महिन्यांच्या मुलाचा समावेश केला. त्यांनी सातत्याने केलेल्या या प्रयोगामुळे संशोधकांना त्यांची दखल घ्यावी लागली. अखेर त्यांचे अनुमान मान्य होऊन देवीच्या रोगावर प्रतिबंधक लस तयार झाली. इंग्रजीमधील Vaccination हा शब्द Vacca म्हणजे गाय या शब्दापासून तयार झालेला आहे. देवीच्या व्रणातील स्राव शरीरामध्ये टोचल्यामुळे मानवाची प्रतिष्ठा कमी होते, असा आक्षेप घेण्यात आला. मात्र, या रोगामुळे हजारो लोक मृत्युमुखी पडतात, याबाबत मात्र त्यांनी आस्था दाखविली नाही. जेन्नर यांची कल्पकता आणि त्यांची धाडसी वृत्ती यामुळे हे वरदान प्राप्त झाले.
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Ready.Source.of.Information:http://maziwiki.blogspot.in/2013/09/edward-jenners-smallpox-vaccine.html
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Science Association, Shardabai Pawar Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Shardanagar; Tal. Baramati;Dist. Pune – 413115 (India).

With the Best Compliments From: Shardanagar (The Agro – academic Heritage of
Grandsire Padmashri Dr. D. G. Alias AppasahebPawar).

All the mistakes in the collection of information from website, it’s compilation and communication ( through email ) belongs exclusively to : Vitthalrao B. Khyade (And not to his pace making Shardanagar).